Lymphedema happens when the lymphatic fluid cannot be sucked up by the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts. This causes the lymph fluid to stay put in the tissue and drain to the legs and feet where it just sits. Aquatic exercise has proven to help reduce  swelling. The reduction of swelling is caused by the fluid being able to reach the lymphatic ducts. Water's hydrostatic property allows this to happen. Hydrostatic pressure is like weraing compression clothing all over your body. So, the pressure forces the lymph fluid up and thus being able to drain properly. Hydrostatic pressue also relieves the joints of stress, which allows them to move in a way that they probably could not on land. Additionally, aquatic exercises have a strengthening effect on the musculature.

The buoyancy effect water has on the musculoskeletal system makes movement more comfortable. Range of motion and flexibility are increased when in a warm water pool and the cardiovascular system is working more effectively, so an aerobic workout is possible. 
     In short, the movements in the water are resistive, assistive/supportive, compressive, massaging, relaxing and comforting.

Deep abdominal breathing enhances pumping in the thoracic duct, one of the large lymph vessels located in the abdominal and thoracic area. Muscle contraction performed distally (hands and feet) helps return venous and lymphatic fluid.

     In addition to several other important precautions, water temperature is important. Warm water relaxes muscles and decreases postural tone, and cooler water stimulates tone and alertness. Hot water (which is greater than 94°F) should be avoided with edema….no hot tubs or spas. In general, pool temperature of about 88°F is a good choice if air temperature and circulation are adequate. Warmer therapy pools may be utilized according to the individual case, for shorter periods. As a  general rule of thumb, the cooler the water the longer you can stay in. Gentle water exercises are beneficial and relaxing. These exercises are usually done in water that is 94°F (34°C) degrees or slightly less. Water at, or just below this temperature, feels comfortably warm, it helps to soften fibrotic (hardened) tissues, and it relaxes the muscles. A gentle therapeutic session is usually 50-55 minutes in length. (One of our therapy pools is 90-92°F, and the other is 94°F.)